英语跨学科教学论文范文:初中英语教材跨学科分析——以人教版教材为例

初中英语教材跨学科分析——以人教版教材为例
         
一、跨学科的定义
本文认为英语教材的跨学科就是保证以英语教材为主,确定一个或多个学科间的联系,保证学科间知识的相互渗透,拓展学生的眼界,在不同的视角中巩固不同学科的知识,进而发展创新。   
二、英语课程标准
(一)思想性原则
选择教材时一定要考虑学生的因素,由浅入深的教学,才能保证教学的乐趣,这样也有利于帮助学生深入了解国内与国外文化的区别,进而提高学生对文化的鉴赏能力,树立学生正确的人生观与价值观。所以进行英语教材跨学科分析要保证学科间的联系,进而挖掘英语教材中的文化与思想,突出英语教材中的民族、历史与英语学科间的关系。
(二)科学性原则
编写英语教材要落实循序渐进的原则,这样的选择便于学生建立长远的目光,树立终身学习的思想,保证英语语言与其他学科间的联系。本身英语教材的编排就应该从易到难,是一步步发展的过程,而英语跨学科教材分析也要秉承着这个原则,进行不同年级的分层对比要结合英语学科覆盖率情况,进而分析英语学科地多样性的高低,看英语学科门类应该秉承这个原则的有多少。
(三)趣味性原则
英语教材编排需要考虑不同年龄的学生具体的兴趣爱好、心愿等不同的雪球,英语教材的编排需要与学生紧密联系起来,贴近学生的现实生活,运用现代化气息浓厚的语言材料以及丰富的表现形式,调动学生的学习动力。可以说,进行英语教材跨学科分析时要注意保证学生的现实生活结合到一起,保证生活化的信息与社会科学间的关联。
(四)灵活性原则
英语教材在编写时需要考虑地域的差异性,秉承着科学性原则的基础上,保证选择的英语教材包含弹性与收缩性,可以让教师结合实际教学情况选取英语教材中的内容或调整当下的教学知识,运用合理的教学手段。从这就可以说明英语跨学科教材分析应该顺应灵活性原则,针对文本与习题板块,保证两者间的统一,这就给教师在英语跨学科教材选择教学内容提供了取舍。   
三、教材跨学科定量分析
(一)教材整体跨学科定量分析
人教版初中英语校次中包含了五十八个单元,里面含有三十二个单元主题,有着鲜明的学科导向,占据了单元的56%;就以单元主题来说,英语教材跨学科的比例达到了一半,无法高度强调跨学科的意义,而且英语教材中的文本、习题等学科导向并不明显,这就说明了单元主题在英语教材中科学课的覆盖率较低。
就人教版初中英语所设计到的学科来说,有体育与健康、数学、音乐、生物、地理、心理、文学、医学以及社会等多个层面,其中地理是占据比例最高的学科,然后是社会,这可以体现初中英语教材与地理、社会学科的融合度较高,学生在初中英语教材中可以看到与地理与生活相关的知识。由于全球经济快速发展,交通越发便利,学生出游的几率大大提高,那么把英语与地理知识融合起来,不但可以拓展学生的视野,还能帮助学生提高解决事物的能力,不过一定要注意把社会关系、规则等与学生生活结合到一起。本身初中生就是青春期,有着很高的自我意识、独立意识,甚至还有反抗心理,运用社会关系、规则正确引导学生的言行,这就可以看出把初中英语与社会知识结合起来有助于帮助中学生解决当下所遇到的事情。总的来说,初中英语与地理、社会学科的融合可以拓展学生的知识面,对学生解决问题很有帮助,也满足了趣味原则的编排,这样的融合是比较正确的。
就以初中英语文本内容科学课的角度来说,这本教材涉及到了十八门学科,有自然科学、医药科学、工程与技术等,涉及面是比较广阔的、跨度也很大,这就可以说明英语文本跨学科体现较高。就学科的多样性来看,在统一的单元中包含了二十多个单一的学科,占据整体的56%,涉及到两个学科的有十九个丹云,占据整体的43%,而涉及三个学科以上的只有一个单元,从这就可以说明人教版教材不仅仅是与单一的学科融合,也倾向于和多个学科融合。即便是同一个主题,还是可以进行多个学科融合的,这样的方式丰富了学生对英语知识的掌握,还能补充其他学科的内容,促进学生向着多元化发展,推动学生的终身学习意识。   
(二)教材分层跨学科定量分析
人教版初中不同英语教材中的习题所涉及的学科也是不同的,初一的英语教材中涉及到了人文与社会科学类、自然科学、技术与工程科学等;初二英语教材中涉及到了人文与社会科学类、技术与工程科学、自然科学、医药学等;初三英语教材涉及人文与社会科学类、自然科学、技术与工程科学等。从这就可以看出,初二英语教材中涉及的学科是最多的,学科跨度相对较广,只是根据教材编排的规则来说,初三教材中比初二的跨学科幅度较小,这就可以说明初三教材在跨学科的安排上是不合理的。
四、优化对教材编写的建议
(一)提高英语教材中学科的覆盖率
因为教材中的覆盖率影响了英语教材的跨学科性,就以单元主题、文本以及习题的学科覆盖率来看,单元主题明显是落后的;需要在整个教材中注重对单元主题的学科导向,进而给英语文本与习题指明学科方向,还要注意提高初一教材中单元主题的覆盖率、初二的习题覆盖率以及初三的文本学科覆盖率,解决不同年级教材中的学科不足,才有可能进一步提高英语正本教材的跨学科性。
(二)拓展英语教材中的学科类别
想要让英语教材涉猎的学科更加宽广,就要根据教材的学科知识及时弥补不足,整体上来说需要在现有的学科基础上添加农业科学,保证英语教材中的学科类别更加完整。初一教材中可能要在单元主题、文本与习题板块添加农业科学,初二教材中也是如此,然而初三的英语教材中要在单元主题力添加农业科学、医药科学以及技术与工程科学,在文本与习题板块中分别加入医药科学和农业科学。这样的编排才能弥补初中不同年级教材中对门类的忽略,有效提高英语的跨学科性。   
(三)丰富英语教材学科的多样性
保证教材的多样性是对学生知识的补充,对培养学生的综合能力与全面发展有很大的作用,这样使整体的教材有着学科的多样性,只是就目前来看,教材中还是有很多需要改善的部分,初一教材中的文本缺乏多样性,初二教材中的习题从缺乏多样性,假如可以给初一教材文本补充多个学科的融合素材,给初二教材中的习题设计不同的学科知识,才能有效完善这个教材的多样性。

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