读书分享:人要活成什么样?

三斗米 2024-10-26 09:05:54来自综合论坛 考试 该用户来自 江西南昌
战争的历史让人们常常陷入托克维尔的悲叹:人被赋予足够的光以向他展示他的状况的悲惨,却没有足够的光来改变它。
许倬云曾说,出国之前以为,世界之大,只有中国;出国之后才知道,世界之大,没有中国。
甘地这位“人类良心的代言人”提醒人们:“地球上提供给我们的物质财富足以满足每个人的需求,但不足以满足每个人的欲望。”
工业文明是人类签署的一份浮士德契约,机器如同一个潘多拉魔盒,将人们带到一个美妙的新世界。从前的人们把自身出卖给魔鬼以求得魔力,今天的人们从科学技术中获得了这种力量,这使人往往成为魔鬼而不自知。
格林斯潘有一句话:“人性自古未变,它将我们的未来锁定在过去。”
经济学家保罗 克鲁格曼曾说:“生活在一个苏联帝国已经土崩瓦解的时代,大多数人很难意识到曾几何时苏联经济是一个世界奇迹,而不是社会主义失败的代名词——那时,赫鲁晓夫用鞋子敲着联合国的主席台,宣称:‘我们将会埋葬你们。’他不是在炫耀军事,而是在炫耀经济。”
罗素指出,由于技术的发展,民主政治可能更困难了,但它也更加重要;那些拥有庞大机械力的人如果不受任何控制,就可能自命为神。
哈耶克说,迄今的一切制度,多半只是人类行为的结果,而非人类选择的结果。曾有人问马克思,这世界上他最恨什么,他的回答不是资本主义,而是奴性。
赫胥黎在《美丽新世界》中写道:人们感到痛苦的不是他们用笑声代替了思考,而是他们不知道自己为什么笑,以及为什么不再思考。
美国畅销书作者切诺在《巨人》中写道:“当财富积累到需要想象力才可挥霍时,洛克菲勒开始相信上帝是寄望他造福人类而赐予他金钱。”
人类学家马歇尔 萨林斯认为,贫穷从根本上来说完全是文明世界才有的东西。贫困并不意味着个人财产的缺乏,世界上最原始的人很少占有什么,但他们并不穷。所谓贫穷,不是手段与结果之间的关系,更不是东西少,而是人与人之间的关系。换句话说,大多数贫穷其实都是相对的,而不是绝对的。
满眼生机转化钧
天工人巧日争新
预支五百年新意
到了千年又觉陈
    清代赵翼《论诗》
尼采说,上帝死了;言外之意就是“现代人”诞生了。对现代国家来说,军人和警察贡献了身体(体力),专家和官僚贡献了头脑(智力),而知识分子贡献的则是良心。知识分子起源于古老的“圣职者”和“士君子”,作为永远的批判者和最虔诚的公民,知识分子群体在一个世俗国家时代纷纷放弃立场。
“世界是一座桥,走过去,不要在上面盖房子。”
读书之乐乐何如,绿满窗前草不除。
福柯说,写作,就是自命不凡。
从上世纪80年代开始,自传性的小说和纪实性的报告文学几乎成为写作的唯一样式,这其实是书籍和阅读匮乏的结果。对出身草根的当时许多作家来说,除去亲身经历,他们对人类、对世界、对历史几乎一无所知。
加缪说过,写作之所以光荣,是因为它有所承担,它承担的不仅仅是写作。它迫使我以自己的方式,凭自己的力量,和这个时代所有的人一起,承担我们共有的不幸和希望。
王小波曾说,他的写作与登山一样都是反熵的,不仅会导致破产,还可能毁了身体,要了命。“身为一个中国人,由于有独特的历史背景,很难理解科学是什么。我在匹兹堡大学的老师许倬云教授曾说,中国人先把科学当作洪水猛兽,后把它当作呼风唤雨的巫术,直到现在,多数学习科学的人还把它看成宗教来顶礼膜拜,而他自己终于体会到,科学是个不断学习的过程。”

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