听评课·小学语文《去年的树》实录及评析

管家 2024-11-22 10:53:21来自教学交流 语文
小学语文《去年的树》实录及评析(二)
设计意图]
一堂课的呈现决定了一个老师一个阶段的教学思考即(理念)。当一个教师在上面呈现其教学时,下面教师坐在下面听、记、想,这个过程,我们中听课,也叫看课,我觉得更恰当的说法应是感受课。调动了我们所有的感觉器官去跟课、交流、对话。跟台上的师生交流、对话、(对话包括情感的、思维的、精神的等)哪怕是课堂中带有一定的情绪色彩的小插曲,也有我们大家在一起共同分享、体会。
所以,我们说,听课的过程本身就是一个我们那么多师生在一起交流互动的过程。
《新课标》中有这么一段话“阅读教学是教师、学生、文本三者之间对话的过程”。怎么把这个理念落实到我们的课堂实践中?我重点促进师生、自我、生本三种对话方式的生成,努力构建生命的、诗意的课堂,使我们的学生能真正在语文课中诗意地栖居,从而来享受我们的语文课。

(一)、师生对话——在人际中诗意栖居
要使师生在教学过程中真正建立起特殊的“人——人”关系,就要把师生的教学活动当作不可剥离、相互锁定的有机整体,它不是“学”围绕着“教”或“教”围绕着“学”的。天体运行中行星与卫星式的关系,也不是“一方面”与“另一方面”的平面构成关系,教学过程中师生的内在关系是教学过程创造主体之间的交往。(对话、合作、沟通)关系,这种关系在教学过程的动态生成中得以展开和实现。
教师要善于研究学生、倾听学生、发现学生;教师不仅知识的“呈现者、对话的提问者、学习的指导者、学业的评价者、纪律的“管理者”,更重要的是他是学生学习的合作者、伙伴,是组织者、引导者,是平等中的首席。更是学生生命潜能的激励者,是学生资源的开掘者。要真正的把学生看作一个活生生的学习主体,更重要的是要把学生看作教学“资源”的重要构成和生成者。教学过程是师生共同生成新的教学资源,共同享受的过程。当我们用这样的理念去调整我们的师生关系的时候,会发现,课堂的人际变得和谐,空气自由了,学生的心灵放松了,情感释放了,思维活跃了,想象放飞了,生命的课堂构成了。在这样的课堂上,学生的教师和教师的学生将不复存在,文本的意义和生命的存在不再分割。师生一起在人际中诗意地栖居,共同享受我们的教学过程。
如在教学过程中,我努力营造和谐的师生对话环境,把激励的语言、赞赏的眼神以及有形的奖励奉献给他们,激发他们内在的生命热情和潜能,教师释放自己的情感,向学生敞开自己的心扉,展现自己的生命存在,学生积极地接纳、呼应教师的生命存在,此时师生都是平等存在于课堂中的生命体。教师用自己的生命热情激发、唤醒学生的潜能,诱导学生的学习情感,从而把学习要求转变为学习兴趣,在学习中全方位地提升自己。准备好一百顶高帽子给孩子戴,孩子的心是可以利用的,我们要充分利用孩子好胜、好表现、自信的心理,来创造我们的课堂奇迹。
(二)自我对话——在心灵中诗意栖息
现代社会忙忙碌碌,人们过分追求、创造看得见的价值,却忽视了自己的心灵,我们变得无暇去顾及自己的心灵,倾听自己的心灵。我们甚至忘了感动。当我们的孩子学会了感动,学会了“用眼睛吃东西”,用精神来营养自己。那么看到真,会去追求,看到善,会感动,看到美,想去欣赏,情感就丰满了,心灵就充实了,趣味就提高了,素养就全面了,人格就健全了。一个大写的“人”就形成了。这样的自我是充实的,厚实的,有魅力、有力量的。是值得我们自己信赖的。这就是我们在语文教学中要大力提倡的人文性。也就是情感、态度、价值观的学习目标。长期以来,我们的语文教学在工具与人文孰轻孰重的争执中摇摆不定。《新课标》中提出的“工具性与人文性的统一”为我们的语文教学做了最合理的定性。我们的语文课要注重字词句篇、语修逻文,知识点的落实和听说读写语文能力的培养。但更需要有情、有感、有美、有味。让我们的语文课能成为学生心灵的家园、精神的家园。
上这节课的初衷是读课文时的一种感动,为小鸟和大树之间那份带着淡淡伤感的友情。更为作者为我们设下的那么多的情感空白。小鸟的那份执着与忠贞,正是我们现代人所缺失的东西。社会不管发展到什么程度,人与人之间的那份真情依然是最宝贵的。我决心来演绎这份纯洁的友情。我一遍遍地与文本交流对话,一遍遍地在交流中感动自己。因为我知道,只有先感动了自己,才能在课堂上和学生一起感动。
(三)生本对话——在文本中诗意栖居
学生与文本的对话,我称之为与文本的亲密接触,也就是让学生与文本谈恋爱,当然,教师也是文本的恋人,我们谈的是三角恋爱。关键要找准对话的切入点,激发对话的兴趣。
这堂课的对话流程是这样展开的:
1、初读课文,多元对话。(引导学生把自己与文本接触后的最本原、最原始的,没有受到过任何影响的感受谈出来。)
2、演读课文,倾心对话。(深入角色,朗读四组对话,体会角色的情感世界。)
3、引导想象,补充对话。(深入研读最后一段,想象小鸟的心理活动,升华情感。)
4、拓展延伸,多向对话。(跳出文本,以读者的身份审视文本,进行理性思考,引导学生与伐木人、作者进行多向对话,从而产生多元化的理解与感悟。)
通过与文本四次亲密接触,层层深入,步步递进,使作品潜在的含义、教师所理解的含义和学生所能接受的含义这三者之间的有机融通,使我们的语文课堂真正成为学生思维的自由王国而不是教师思想的橱窗。
1)对话方式多样化。
学生与文本的主要对话方式是读、品、悟、议、辩、入。
读:自由读、找朋友读、演读等多种方法,真正作到以读激情。
入:一种体验式的学习方式,通过让学生换位体验,把学生带入课文,文我一体,文中有我,我中有文,作换位体验,这是一种零距离的接触。这样,使学生真正把握文本角色情感的脉搏,与角色同步共振。(如两次引导学生入文,你现在就是那只小鸟了。)
2)对话结果个性化。
阅读认知理论认为,阅读主体对于文本中的言语,只有在他的信息储存中能够找到文本言语具有相似性的信息模块以后,才能进行相似激活,从而识别文本中的信息。因而即使是阅读同一文本,也形成各自不同的相似选择、相似匹配,进而产生见仁见智的个性化理解。(就像美术中的三原色原理。)新课标语:“ 诊视学生独特的感受、体验和理解(如本文的主题,参考书上是“诚信,今天的课,是一元带多元,确定了一条情感主线:真正的友谊是建立在诚信的基础上的,其余两个主题作为副线而存在”
3)对话主题深刻化。
对话式语文教学过程是引发对话主体各自向对方精神敞开和彼此接纳的过程。在对话者彼此的碰撞与激发中会把对话主题引向深入。我常想:语文教学最终应给学生留下什么?留下语言、留下情感和精神。深层次的对话应是情感的沟通和精神的共振。为了凸显本课的情感主线,我对教材进行了大胆的取舍,使教材为我所用。变以往的教教材为用教材。情感目标分三步达成 :整体感知、初步体验
感情朗读、逐层体验
拓展延伸、升华体验
语文阅读是最富个性最具魅力的精神创造,也是最自由、最愉悦、最美好的心灵之旅。让我们共同创造焕发生命活力与潜力的课堂,让我们的课堂成为师生课堂生活的“诗意栖居地”。

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