高考前心理调适指导

管家 2024-6-3 17:41:05来自综合论坛 教育说 该用户来自 江西南昌
高考前心理调适指导
高考的意义决定了考生的人生方向。高考不是成功的唯一出路,但是高考却是你人生中很重要的经历。不是所有人都能对高考充满着期望,只要你进入高考就该珍惜这次人生磨砺。高考这一战既是打知识储备战,也是打心理调适战。越是临近高考,心态调节在高考中的作用和意义就越发突出,越发关键。考生在考前、考中的心态调节能力是高考成功与否的关键因素之一。
一、什么是考试压力?
二、 高考前夕学生们存在考试压力是很正常的,但我们要学会识别和处理考试压力。考生都希望在考试中取得好成绩,因此考试期间都会有一定的压力。很多人认为压力只会起消极作用,其实不然,适当的压力可以转化为动力,不仅能让我们快速行动,还能带来挑战,让我们集中注意力。复习时焦虑紧张在所难免,但适当的压力可以激发我们的潜能。所以,适当的压力能够起到一定的刺激作用,从某种程度上来说对我们是有帮助的。
二、考试压力过大的表现是什么?
“克拉克现象”是指优秀运动员在重大比赛中不能正常表现出所具有的竞技能力,比赛失常的现象。导致这一现象的“元凶”之一就是过度担忧。根据心理学家的调查分析,有超过70%的考生在临考前会出现紧张、焦虑、恐慌等情绪。尤其是高三考生的精神压力大、心理负担重,更容易出现考场上的“克拉克现象”。
如果我们沉浸在考试的消极情绪中,比如害怕失败、担心成绩不理想、担忧考试时临场遗忘等,那就说明此时我们承受的压力过大,需要好好休息。我们要知道,其实这些问题其他人也会有,这是很正常的现象,所以不必因此而怀疑自己。其次我们要知道,沉溺在负面情绪中会降低备考效率。我们应该仔细想一想自己的担忧是否合理,有没有夸大一些因素,或受到消极情绪。
三、如何阻止压力上升?
四、◎关注情绪变化
五、有时候,害怕失败的想法会在我们脑海中反复出现,给我们造成巨大的压力。 所以,我们要时常关注自己的精神状态,留意自己什么时候会被负面情绪影响,以便及时停止负面想法,避免压力过大。
◎进行心理暗示
我们可以通过不断地告诉自己“我能做到”来培养积极的心态;我们也可以用积极的信息作为视觉提醒,来调整自己的情绪;我们还可以在书桌附近放置积极的视觉提醒标语等。
减轻压力和缓解焦虑有很多方法,综合运用不同的方法,可以更好地应对考试压力。
         
一、保持静心的注意事项
◎考前常会心烦意乱,东想西想,但往往想的事都与考试无关。
◎人多吵闹的地方不要去,避开是非之地。
◎考前的心态是很脆弱的,安宁的环境就是考试良方。
◎少一份刺激,就会多一分安心。
三、     呼吸放松法
四、人在紧张时会排出比平时更多的二氧化碳,这会影响血液和身体功能,从而增加焦虑。此时,我们可以使用呼吸放松法来降低焦虑水平,让自己迅速平静下来。这种方法还有助于我们集中注意力并保持充沛的精力。
多做深呼吸
我们在备考时需要集中注意力,这对大脑的要求很高。因此多做深呼吸,为大脑提供充足的氧气吧!这样能使大脑正常运行,使备考更加高效。
1.将一只手放在胸部,另一只手放在腹部,用鼻吸气,用口呼气。
2.吸气时放在腹部的手要感觉到空气进入身体后腹部在鼓起,而放在胸部的手却不会感受到胸部在鼓起。
3.吸气时从1数到6,屏住呼吸一小会儿再呼气,呼气时也从1数到6(具体可根据个人耐受程度调整)。
4.持续几分钟后,就会感觉轻松了一些。
    睡眠减压法
当考试压力太大时,我们更应保证充足的睡眠。充足的睡眠是减轻考生心理压力、提高学习效率的必要条件。有效改善考生的睡眠质量,首先应该有一个安静的休息环境,其次考生可采取多时段睡眠法缓解身心过度疲劳。失眠的考生,一方面可以积极调适心态,减轻因失眠而带来的心理压力;另一方面可以科学地安排学习与生活,建立有规律的起居习惯。
运动是一项缓解压力的好办法,能使大脑变得更加活跃。考前进行适当的锻炼(快步走、跑步、骑自行车或打乒乓球等)可以帮助大脑保持最佳状态。运动能促进血液循环,并能增加大脑供氧量,满足大脑的需求。考生在考前进行适当的体育锻炼是必不可少的。
科学的膳食能为超强度的脑力劳动提供足够的物质与营养基础,这是考生减轻心理压力的生理保证。研究表明,有的食物有直接减轻人的心理压力的作用,如维生素C就具有减轻心理压力的作用,考生应适量摄取富含维生素C的蔬菜和水果。另外,少食多餐也有助于减轻考生的紧张与疲劳。
五、避免心态波动的实用技巧
六、考试时,同学们的大脑一边高速运转,内心一边不断响起各种声音:“快点,快点,时间不多了。”“完了,这道题我不会。”“太好了,这道题我做过。”紧张、心慌、得意、烦躁等心态的波动往往会给我们带来行动上的偏差。同学们因为心态波动做错会做的题的现象相当普遍。为了避免这种情况的发生,考生需要利用好高考前每次考试的机会,无论是学校组织的模拟考,或是在家中的自测卷,都应提前进入高考角色,体验考场的紧张气氛,采用一些适当有效的方法,如放松四肢、调整呼吸等,使自己的情绪平稳下来。通过这种实战演练,逐步降低对考试境遇的敏感性,提高高考考场上的应变能力。
临近高考,紧张的不仅仅是考生,有时家长甚至比孩子还要紧张,那么如何陪伴孩子度过备考时光呢?
考前的目标无论是什么,家长都要告诉孩子:参加了,就有收获!参加了,就是成功!无论做什么事,目标不是为了给别人看的,而是体现自己的价值,无论结果如何,只要付出了就没有遗憾。
家长在家里要像平常一样,该做什么做什么,切不可在孩子面前表露出对考试有所担忧的神情。家长要看到孩子付出的努力,不要总盯着他们的不足,要让孩子去享受努力的过程,不要太过在乎结果。
出于重视,有的家长对孩子表现出过分的关心。比如家有考生,家长说话轻声轻语,行动小心翼翼,甚至停止工作,专门在家陪伴孩子。在这种过分安静的家庭环境中,孩子只能感受到沉闷和压抑,反而不利于其学习。
为营造良好复习环境,家长在备考期间尽量不搞聚会、打麻将等娱乐活动,以免影响孩子的学习。家长在工作上的困难,或家庭内部矛盾等问题,也不要在孩子面前表现出来,以免分散孩子注意力,导致孩子产生烦躁、厌学的情绪。

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