中考、高考考场应答技术

管家 2024-6-3 17:42:40来自综合论坛 教育说 该用户来自 江西南昌
考场应答技术
四大战术
1确保答题区域正确,避免扫描盲区失分
按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域的答案在扫描时会被切除掉,不予显示。试卷是通过扫描仪直接切题到电脑上让阅卷老师评卷的,普遍是按各题的边框范围来切题,而不是按一份试卷的原有范围来切题。因此,超出试题边框限制范围的答案就无法显
示,阅卷老师会按不完整的答案来打分。一份试卷因这种情况而导致的失分,有时可能达到几十分,因此需要引起每一位同学的高度重视。
2确保“旗开得胜”,提振考场答题信心
良好的开端是成功的一半,从考试的心理角度来说,这确实是很有道理的。考生拿到熟悉的题后,不要急于求成,立即下手答题,而应通览整套试题,摸透题情,然后做对一两个容易的题目,让自己产生“旗开得胜”的感觉,获得成功的体验,之后做一题得一题,不断产生正向激励稳拿中低难度的题,见机攻克高难度的题。以一个良好的开端振奋精神鼓舞信心,从而进入最佳思维状态,这就是心理学所谓的“门槛效应”。
3因卷制宜,执行“七先七后”的答题战术
在通览全卷,将简单题顺手完成的情况下,情绪趋于稳定,情境趋于单一,大脑趋于亢奋,思维趋于活跃,之后便是发挥临场解题能力的黄金时间了。这时,考生可结合整套试题结构,依照自己的答题习惯,执行“七先七后”的战术。
①先慢后快。有些考生在考场上一味求快,未看清题意便急于答题结果因思维受阻或进入“死胡同”而导致失分。应该说,审题要慢,答题要快。审题是整个答题过程的“基础工程”,题目本身是“怎样答题”的信息源,必须充分弄清题意,综合所有条件,形成整体认识,再提炼关键线索,为形成答题思路提供可靠的依据。思路一旦形成,则可快速完成作答。
②先易后难。就是先做简单题,再做中难题。应根据自己的实际情况,果断跳过不会做的题目。从易到难,也要注意认真对待每一道题力求“应得即得”,不能走马观花,有难就退,以免影响解题情绪。
③先熟后生。通览全卷,可以得到许多有利的信息,也会看到一些不利之处。对后者,不要惊慌失措,应想到试题偏难不是针对某个人的,对所有考生都是一样的,通过这种暗示,确保情绪稳定。对全卷整体把握之后,就可实施“先熟后生”的策略,即先做那些内容掌握比较牢靠、题型结构比较熟悉、解题思路比较清晰的题目。这样,在拿下熟题的同时,可以使思维流畅、发挥超常,从而达到拿下中高难度题目的目的。
④先同后异。就是说,先做同类型的题目,思维比较集中,知识和方法的迁移比较容易,有利于提高单位时间的答题效率。高考题一般要求较快地进行“兴奋灶”的转移,而“先同后异”,可以避免“兴奋灶“过急、过频地跳跃,从而减轻大脑负担,保持足够精力。
⑤先小后大。小题一般信息量少、运算量小,易于把握,不要轻易放弃,应争取在做大题之前尽快解决,从而为解决大题赢得时间,创设一个宽松的心理环境。
⑥先点后面。近年的高考数学、物理解答题大多呈现为多问渐难式的“梯度题”,解答时不必一气审到底,应看一题解决一题,而前面问题的解决又为后面问题的回答准备了思维基础和解题条件,所以要步步为营,由点到面。
⑦先高后低。即在考试的后半段时间,要注重做题效益,假如两题都会做,则先做高分题;假如两题都有难度,则先就高分题实施“分段得分”,以增加在时间不足前提下的得分。
4面对难题困境,善用解题五种战术
会做的题目当然要力求做对、做全、得满分,但考生在考场上经常会遇到不能全答对的题目或思路受阻的难题。对此,可采用下面五种策略。
①缺步解答策略。对一个疑难问题,明智的做法是将它划分为一个个小问题或一系列步骤,先解决问题的一部分,能解决到什么程度就解决到什么程度,能演算几步就写几步,每进行一步就可得到这一步的分数。
②跳步解答策略。解题过程卡在中间环节上时,可以承认中间结论往下推,看能否得出正确结论。如果推不出正确结论,说明此途径不对应立即改变方向,寻找其他途径;如能得到预期结论,就再回过头来集中力量攻克中间环节。若因时间限制,中间结论来不及证实,就跳过这一步,写完后续步骤。另外,若题目有两问,第一问做不出来,可以以第一问为“已知”,完成第二问。如果后来由于解题的正迁移想出了中间步骤或在时间允许的情况下,经努力而攻克了中间难点,可在相应题尾补上。
③以退为进策略。对于一个较一般的问题,若一时不能找到解题思路,可以采取化一般为特殊(如用特殊法解选择题),化抽象为具体,化整体为局部,化参量为常量,化较弱条件为较强条件等方法解答。即通过对 “特殊”的思考与解决,启发思维,从而达到对“一般”的解决。
④变式思维策略。对一个问题进行正面思考而思维受阻时,用逆向思维的方法去探求新的解题途径,往往能取得突破性进展。顺向推有困难就逆推,直接证有困难就反证。如用分析法,从肯定结论或中间步骤入手找充分条件:用反证法,从否定结论入手找必要条件。
⑤规范书写策略。讲求规范书写,避免因书写不规范而丢分。字迹工整,保持答题卡卷面整洁,不要折叠、弄破,这是基本要求。卷面是影响评分的一个重要因素。因此,要保证做对、写全和规范。会而不对,令人惋惜;对而不全,得分不高:表述不规范、字迹不工整则会造成失分。
检查答案
(1争取留有5~10分钟检查答卷
这样可以把因粗心和失误而导致的失分找回来,
2)核验答案正误及书写规范
计算是否正确、单位是否漏写、书写是否有误
答题要点是否完整。
(3)避免忙乱中发生低级失误
阅卷名师警示这样的错误不该发生。
1计算单位缺失
物理量往往是有单位的,很多考生在答题的时候,所求的物理量结果经常漏写单位。所以,高考检查答案的时候,检查结果中的单位有没有缺少是非常重要的。
2解题不用草稿
没有先在草稿纸上演算或列出基本要点,而是直接一步到位写在答卷上。结果检查答案时发现有错,只好涂改。可是,修改的空间又因原先字写得太多而无处可写,最终只好放弃修改。考试时应纠正这种行为。
3作文不写提纲
高考作文分值占比很大,写作文的时候,最好简单地拟定一个写作提纲,第一段不要太长,尽量突出中心论点,整篇文章一定要有2~3句名言警句,能起到渲染气氛、强化论点、增加诗意的作用,作文结尾一定要出彩。要力求找出错字,但找出来后千万不要用力涂黑,那会特别提醒阅卷老师找地方扣分,最好的做法是画两笔斜线,在斜线旁边改错字。字要写得美观一点,字迹美观会让老师多欣赏几秒钟,容易多得一点分。
4涂卡不合要求
在涂卡时出现错位涂卡,涂卡太轻或多涂、少涂,都会造成考试失分,因此做完选择题后应立即涂卡,并在考试结束前10分钟左右再检查一下答题卡。
5公式符号失范
在做数学、物理、化学计算题的时候,认真检查一下所写字母是否规范、与题目给的符号是否对应,公式是否正确,要给人一种思路清晰的感觉。
6尽量不留空白
会做的题争取答得更完美,以获得更高的分数。不会做的题,尤其是一些大题,可以把问题变通后再抄一遍,这样或许能多得几分。千万不要在试卷上 中发生低级失误题。

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