唤醒高考思维-怎么才能临危不乱 拿高分?

管家 2024-6-3 17:44:52来自综合论坛 教育说 该用户来自 江西南昌
唤醒高考思维
1命题专家出题思路
高考命题必须遵循科学的原则,符合应考学生心理发展规律及实际学习情况,以便考生能充分发挥出其应有的水平。命题专家在命题前都必须进行相关培训,使高考命题既能考查学生的知识、能力和素养,又能满足一定的难度、区分度、信度和效度要求,还能体现出科学性、公平性和创新性。如果考生能够了解命题专家的出题思路,那对考生选择正确的考试策略将大有裨益。
思路1以课程标准和教材为基准
高考出题时,要求每一道题都遵循高考评价体系,一定要在课程标准上有与之对应的考点,即其题意、描述、问题、解答等,都必须能够在教材上找到依据与源头。课程标准的各大板块都要覆盖,既注重交叉,又各有侧重。也就是说,回归教材和对照各学科的课程标准进行学习,对命题专家和考生都是非常重要的。
思路2原则上不出现怪题和偏题
高考试卷难度系数一般控制在0.55~0.65。命题专家出题时会慎重考虑所设题目对考生来说难度是否偏高,怪题、偏题会导致大部分学生无从下手,从而无法形成良好的区分度。因此,高考命题原则上不出怪题、偏题,命题专家主要在命题角度、命题方式和题型创新上下功夫。
思路3体现选拔性和区分度
那些让多数学生感到为难的题恰恰抓住了他们在某一知识点上的短处,即所谓“软肋”,目的正是让优秀的学生脱颖而出,这也就是所谓的“区分度”。高考是选拔性考试,目的是选拔适合接受高等教育的学生,进一步提高国家的人才素质和竞争力。高考试题常以“下列叙述正确(或错误)的一项是(   )”选择题的形式呈现,往往以学生平时学习中的易错点作为命题点。因此,没有针对性训练并深刻体悟与高考仿真的模拟(预测)试题,就可能会在高考中丢“不该丢”的分。
思路4遵循先易后难的原则
为了使考生心态平稳,确保考试正常发挥,命题专家在排列试题时一般遵循先易后难的原则,即先容易题,后难题,先选择题(填空题),后综合题。所以考生一般应先做选择题(填空题),后做综合题,应尽量与命题专家的思路保持一致,按照先易后难的顺序答题,以便在考场上发挥出自己的真实水平。
2阅卷老师评卷心理
高考阅卷老师,一要参加阅卷前的培训,二要研讨评分细则,三要在规定时间内完成任务。可以说,阅卷时间紧、任务重、要求高,阅卷老师是在一种体力和脑力超负荷状态下工作。这就决定了阅卷老师会以某种独特的心理为驱动去完成阅卷工作。了解阅卷老师的心理,依照阅卷老师的心理进行答题,往往能使阅卷老师眼前一亮,从而赢得印象加分。
心理1有时评阅一道题仅用十几秒
据参加高考阅卷的老师透露,高考评卷速度非常快,很多时候,改一道题仅用几秒或十几秒时间,且一位阅卷老师一天可能要评阅数千份甚至上万份试卷(只改其中一题)。面对这样的评卷速度,考生在答题时就要有技巧,尽可能地博得阅卷老师的好感。首先,卷面要整洁,字迹要工整。如果书写潦草,涂改很多,难以辨认,往往会失分。其次,答题要准确,叙述要简明,让人一看就明白。最后,要依题作答,确保层次分明。考生如果答错,只需要在错误答案上画条斜线,并在指定位置写上正确答案即可。
心理2第一印象好,常能得高分
高考阅卷,由于时间紧、任务重,很多老师不得不寻找捷径。某些老师以一印象为准,第一印象好就常常打高分。比如有的老师评阅作文,只粗略看一下开头、中间、结尾,便匆匆给出分数。当然这种说法有些片面,不过结构清晰、层次分明、字迹工整是实实在在能得高分的。尤其是语文作文和英语作文,在阅卷老师追求效率的情况下,如果写作没有新意,且结构混乱,毫无层次,字迹潦草,那分数是一定不会高的。因此,第一印象也是得分关键。
心理3不约而同地往平均分上靠
高考阅卷时,电脑会将每份卷子同时发给两位老师评阅,如果两人的评分误差在规定范围内,评阅完的这份试卷就是有效试卷。因此,在阅卷过程中,不少老师为求稳,会有意识地往某个分数段上打。如果发现自己的有效分低了,也会有意识地往平均分上靠。如何突破平均分,让阅卷老师眼前一亮,往高分上打?专业人士的建议是:出现这种情况的大多是文科的答题,特别是作文,因此,写作思路就要与众不同,且立意高远,文从字顺,这样才能吸引阅卷老师的眼球,从而获得高分。
心理4抓评分点成为阅卷的关键
高考时,主观题通常会设置若干评分点,阅卷过程中,许多老师往往把重点放在对评分点的寻找上,实际上就是扫描句子的关键词。因此,答题时,不论答多答少,首先要把答案的关键部分、关键词写出来,其次才考虑句子的质量。思想政治、历史、地理的论述题或者化学、生物的简答题都是按照采分点给分,建议考生在答题时分点作答,层次清晰地阐明各点内容。
心理5往往习惯只盯住答对部分
由于阅卷老师的注意力集中在关键词上,所以他们往往只注意答对部分,对于答偏、答错部分常常无暇顾及。虽然这种说法有些片面,但是“答对得分,答错不失分"的现象非常普遍。除了要点,阅卷老师在阅卷时还会看答题的结构是否清晰,句子表达是否准确。如果结构清
晰、句子准确,一般都能得到比较高的分数。解答题的给分方式是“按点给分”,题目再难,每个题目中的条件总是可以推导出结论,实在不行,写出题中应该用到的公式,也有可能得分。尤其是在数学和物理考试中,很多大题是按照步骤给分,而且大题的前一两个小问都比较容易,看到不擅长的内容就放弃,这样是不合理的。此外,建议考生根据分值多回答一个要点,因为阅卷是“不写不得分,多写不扣分”,如3分的题目最好能回答4点,避免采分点不全。
心理6喜欢考生条理分明的答卷
每天要阅卷数千份,甚至上万份,光是翻看页面、点击鼠标就已十分辛苦,因此,在枯燥的阅卷过程中,条理分明、字迹清晰的答卷无疑会给阅卷老师增添一分好感。有些考生害怕答题不能扣紧采分点,于是不分点地罗列一大段文字,这种做法严重影响了阅卷老师的阅卷速
度,给寻找关键词带来困难,极易引起失分。考生的解题格式一定要遵循高考标准答案或教材例题要求,否则会因不规范答题而失分。考生在答题时,一定要学会运用学科术语,不能随心所欲地作答。
心理7看重用语规范,轻视个性感悟
用语规范是高考标准答案权威性、公正性的具体体现。高考评分细则对标准答案中关键词的近义词替换有明确的要求,符合就得分,不符合则失分,毫不含糊。因此,那些个人感悟能力较强而用语欠规范的考生失分几乎成了必然。因此,考生在平时的学习中就要养成规范用语、规范表达的习惯,这样才不会在高考中无谓地失分。
心理8喜欢锦上添花,不爱雪中送炭
在阅卷过程中,有些阅卷老师往往会不自觉地受总分的影响,当考生得分较高时,阅卷老师评分往往会慎之又慎,检查又检查,反之则趋于草率。这就是阅卷老师"喜欢锦上添花,不爱雪中送炭"的评卷心理。
3评分误差产生原因
电脑阅卷细节真相
主要是答题过程不规范和文字
书写不规范。下列考试行为容易使
阅卷老师低判而产生评分误差:
①字迹潦草或模糊不清,以至于理解产生歧义。
②理科中解答题未化简到最终结果可能会扣分,
③千万别在卷面上开玩笑,严重者按0分处理。
④答案不分层次,阅卷老师难以找到采分点。
⑤作图答题不规范,阅卷老师难以辨识清楚。
⑥匆忙答题,以致大面积使用删除符号(x)
4这样取得印象高分
阅卷老师希望看到的是能够带来愉悦感及减轻阅读量的卷面。如果考生答卷满足阅卷老师的这种心理,就可能获得印象高分。
如何让6科试卷多拿10?
1卷面整洁,最好赏心悦目。
2书写工整,字迹清晰美观。
3区域答题,避免做无用功。
4分点作答,尽量细分表述。
5语言简洁,切中问题要害。
6表表达规范,使用专业术语。
如果卷面做到了以上6点,在“可给分可不给分的情况,从宽给分”的高考评分原则上,将在无形中增加多得分的砝码。

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